Soria

Soria

A Multicultural Space on the Duero Frontier

The Duero River in Soria served as a natural frontier between medieval kingdoms vying to consolidate territory on the Iberian Peninsula. Around the Duero and the edges of the northern Meseta, powerful fortified enclaves were established: castles, watchtowers, medinas, and fortified towns such as Gormaz, Calatañazor, Ágreda, Almazán, Osma, and Medinaceli, which became the capital of the Marca Media of Al-Ándalus in 946.

Opposing powers, with different spiritualities, forged multicultural societies that created art, economy, science, technology, and legend.

In Soria, you’ll find dozens of imposing castles –including the largest Andalusian fortress in Europe–, Arab gardens, a hermitage where a palm tree takes center stage amidst frescoed walls, and cloisters featuring horseshoe arches… and much more. Pure Andalusian Experience in Castilian lands.

Arquitectura

Gastronomía

Música

Fiestas

Video

Arquitechture

Medinas

Water

Fiestas

Video

Architecture

In frontier lands, military architecture took center stage. At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 10th, the expansionist ambitions of the Leonese king Alfonso III posed a threat to the Caliphate of Córdoba. In response, the caliphate established its frontier, or Marca Media, in the Soria region and implemented a significant military system comprising fortresses and a network of visually connected towers or watchtowers to monitor key communication routes. These watchtowers are almost innumerable: Noviercas, El Tiñón, Aldealpozo, Masegoso, Trévago, Torre Melero, Veruela, Caracena, Quintanilla de los Tres Barrios, and many more.

Equally numerous are the castles and fortresses: Osma, San Esteban de Gormaz, Medinaceli, Calatañazor, Berlanga de Duero, Caracena, Almenar, Ciria… Among them, one stands out as unparalleled: the caliphal fortress of Gormaz, the largest Andalusian fortress on the Iberian Peninsula.

However, Andalusian art and architecture, with its distinct Islamic characteristics, extend beyond the defensive realm. It is evident in the urban planning of medinas such as Ágreda or Medinaceli, and in fortified cities like Almazán. Furthermore, its influence is seen in later Christian buildings, such as hermitages—San Baudelio de Berlanga, churches—San Miguel de Almazán, and Romanesque cloisters like the one at San Juan de Duero in the capital of Soria. These are magnificent examples of cultural coexistence.

Pero el arte y la arquitectura andalusíes, con claves islámicas, se manifiestan en otros ámbitos más allá del defensivo. Por supuesto, en el urbanismo de medinas como Ágreda o Medinaceli, o en ciudades fortificadas como Almazán, pero también impregnando después edificios netamente cristianos como ermitas –San Baudelio de Berlanga–, iglesias –San Miguel de Almazán– o claustros románicos como el de San Juan de Duero, en la capital soriana. Maravillosas muestras de la convivencia de culturas.

Medinaceli

MEDINAS

Madinat Salim, the Arabic name for Medinaceli, became the political capital of the Marca Media in 946, part of the frontier system established by the Caliphate of Córdoba. From this strategic location, the military leader Almanzor (Al-Mansur) orchestrated his numerous campaigns against the Christian kingdoms. Among these, the final campaign led to his illness and eventual death in 1002. Remnants of Madinat Salim include parts of the alcazaba (fortress), sections of the walls, and some civil architecture elements, such as an ice storage structure (nevero).

Significant Islamic vestiges can also be found in Ágreda, located in the northwest of Soria province. It is one of the oldest Andalusian medinas on the Iberian Peninsula, with evidence of a Muslim presence dating back to 713. Passing through one of the two well-preserved gates—the Emiral Gate and the Water Gate—transports visitors to another era. Ágreda’s history, art, architecture, and traditions reflect the influence of its Christian, Muslim, and Jewish inhabitants. The town also boasted one of the most prominent aljamas and Mudéjar communities of the time.

Agreda

WATER

The Arabs and Andalusians introduced and developed sophisticated methods for obtaining, channeling, and irrigating water, which also became present in the Soria territory. The most important example can be found in Ágreda, in the so-called Arab Fountain and the network of irrigation ditches that enabled a system of terraced and stepped cultivation designed to irrigate the largest possible area. These lands are still cultivated today and are known as the Arab Gardens.
The star product of these gardens is the red thistle, a unique product due to its cultivation method—the thistle is covered by a pyramid of soil about one to one and a half meters high—that gives it a special texture and flavor. Another example of the high value Andalusians placed on water and their ingenuity in conserving and using it efficiently is the construction of snow pits, like the one still preserved in Medinaceli.
The Arabs and Andalusians introduced and developed sophisticated methods for obtaining, channeling, and irrigating water, which also became present in the Soria territory. The most important example can be found in Ágreda, in the so-called Arab Fountain and the network of irrigation ditches that enabled a system of terraced and stepped cultivation designed to irrigate the largest possible area. These lands are still cultivated today and are known as the Arab Gardens.

The star product of these gardens is the red thistle, a unique product due to its cultivation method—the thistle is covered by a pyramid of soil about one to one and a half meters high—that gives it a special texture and flavor. Another example of the high value Andalusians placed on water and their ingenuity in conserving and using it efficiently is the construction of snow pits, like the one still preserved in Medinaceli.

Soldadesca Iruecha

FESTIVALS

On the Saturday of the penultimate weekend of August, the festival of the Soldadesca takes place in Iruecha, the only Moros y Cristianos celebration held in Castilla y León. It is believed that this festival might have originated around 1198, when a cavalry formed by the villages of the Sierra del Solorio defeated an Almohad expedition nearby. The festival, which had ceased to be celebrated in the 1960s, was revived in 1974 and has been celebrated uninterruptedly since 1989.

Another festival with roots potentially tracing back to Andalusian times is the ritual of the Móndidas in San Pedro Manrique, held alongside the Paso del Fuego on the eve of the night of San Juan. The ritual, involving young women dressed in white with baskets on their heads as an offering, is thought to be linked to the myth of the “Tribute of 100 Maidens,” supposedly imposed by the Emir of Córdoba. However, modern historians have concluded that such a tribute never existed. Others suggest that the Móndidas may represent ancient priestesses from Celtiberian tribes.